목차

제 1 장 : 방사선과 관련된 양과 단위

 

 

PART 1. 방사선의 일반적인 양과 단위

 

1. 방사능(RADIOACTIVITY) ··············································································· 6

 

2. 방사선장을 평가하는 양 : 플루언스(FLUENCE) ················································ 8

 

3. 방사선과 물질과의 상호작용 확률을 나타내는 양 ·············································· 11

 

4. 저지능, LET, 비전리 ····················································································· 14

 

5. (핵)반응 단면적 ····························································································· 15

 

PART 2. 방사선 방호와 관련된 양과 단위

 

1. 조사선량 (EXPOSURE DOSE. X) ···································································· 15

 

2. 흡수선량 (Absorbed dose. D) ······································································· 16

 

3. Kerma (Kinetic energy released in material. K) ··········································· 22

 

4. 실용량 (operational quantity) ········································································ 24

 

5. 선량당량 (dose equivalent. H) ······································································· 26

 

6. 등가선량 (equivalent dose. HT) ···································································· 27

 

7. 유효선량 (Effective dose. HE) ········································································ 30

 

8. 기타선량 ······································································································· 32

 

 

제 2 장 : 방사선이 인체에 미치는 영향

PART 1. 방사선의 생물학적 작용 기전

 

1. 전리 방사선에 의한 세포의 방사선 손상 (4단계) ··············································· 37

 

2. 분자 수준에서 방사선 장해 ··········································································· 38

 

3. 분자 작용 모델 (선량-반응 선형 2차 모델) ···················································· 41

 

4. 저 선량 영역에서 선량-반응 곡선 ·································································· 43

 

PART 2. 방사선 감수성(RADIATION SENSITIVITY)

 

1. 조직(장기)의 방사선 감수성 ················································································· 44

 

2. 상대적 생물학적 효과비 (RBE) ············································································· 45

 

3. 산소효과 (Oxygen effect) ·················································································· 46

 

4. 방사선 방호제 (Radio-protective agents) ··························································· 48

 

PART 3. 방사선이 인체에 미치는 영향

 

1. 방사선 생물학적 작용의 분류 (ICRP Pub. No. 60) ··············································· 49

 

2. 방사선 장해의 분류 ··························································································· 50

 

3. 급성 효과와 만성 효과 : 잠복기(증상출현시기)에 따라··········································· 51

 

4. 결정적 영향과 확률적 영향 ··················································································51

 

5. 태아의 방사선 영향 ························································································· 56

 

6. 확률적 영향 (STOCHASTIC EFFECT) ································································· 58

 

제 3 장 : 방사선방호의 기준

 

PART 1. 방사선방호의 기본 체계

 

1. ICRP의 설립과 주 권고 ······················································································· 62

 

2. 방사선방호의 정의 및 목표 ················································································· 64

3. ICRP 권고에 따른 방사선 방호 목표 ····································································· 64

 

4. 방사선 방호의 체계 및 원칙 ················································································ 65

 

PART 2. ICRP Pub. 60과 103 권고(안)의 비교

 

1. ICRP Pub. 103 권고(안)의 특징 ··········································································· 76

 

2. ICRP Pub. 103 권고(안) 변화의 특징 ··································································· 79

 

PART 3. 방사선 방호의 기본 개념

 

1. 방사선 피폭 관리 네트워크 ·················································································· 83

 

2. 방사선 방호의 한도와 준위 ················································································· 85

 

3. 연간섭취한도(ALI)와 유도공기중농도(DAC) ························································· 86

 

제 4 장 방사선 방호의 원칙

 

PART 1. 외부 피폭의 방호 원칙

 

1. 시간(TIME):피폭시간 단축 ················································································ 90

 

2. 거리(DISTANCE) : 거리 역자승 법칙 ································································ 91

 

3. 차폐(SHIEDING) ····························································································· 92

 

PART 2. 내부 피폭의 방어 원칙

 

1. 내부 피폭의 고려 인자 ·················································································· 93

 

2. 내부 피폭의 방호 원칙 : 격리 – 희석 – 차단

 

PART 3. 방사선 피폭의 구분

 

1. 방사선 피폭의 구분 ·······················································································96

 

2. 자연방사선에 의한 피폭 : 2.4mSv/y ······························································· 97

 

3. 인공 방사선에 의한 피폭 ·················································································· 98

 

4. 외부 피폭 방사선량의 평가 ················································································101

 

5. 내부 피폭 방사선량의 평가 ··············································································· 105

 

제 5 장 : 방사선 모니터링

 

PART 1. 방사선 모니터링

 

1. 방사선 모니터링 ······························································································· 112

 

PART2. 개인 피폭 모니터링

 

1. 체외(외부) 피폭 모니터링 ·················································································· 113

 

2. 체내(내부) 피폭 모니터링 ·················································································· 114

 

PART 3. 개인선량계의 종류 및 특징

 

1. 필름 배지 (Film badge) ···················································································· 115

 

2. 열형광 선량계 (Thermo-luminescence dosimeter.TLD) ····································· 116

 

3. 형광 유리 선량계 (Fluorescence glass dosimeter.FGD) ····································· 119

 

4. 광자극 발광 선량계 (Optically Stimulated luminescence dosimeter, OSLD)········ 120

 

5. 기타 개인 선량계 ····························································································· 121

 

PART 4. 환경 모니터링

 

1. 작업 환경 모니터링 ·························································································· 122

 

2. 시설 주변 환경 모니터링 ··················································································· 126

 

제 6 장 : 방사성동위원소 등의 취급 기술

 

 

1. 밀봉 방사성 동위원소의 취급 ······································································· 128

 

2. 비 밀봉 방사성 동위원소의 취급 ······································································· 130

 

제 7 장 : 방사성 폐기물의 관리

 

PART 1. 방사성 폐기물의 분류

 

1. 방사성 폐기물의 정의 및 분류 ······································································· 136

 

PART 2. 방사성 폐기물의 처리

 

1. 기체 방사선 폐기물의 처리 ······································································· 137

 

2. 액체 방사성 폐기물의 처리 ······································································· 139

 

3. 고체 방사성 폐기물의 처리 ······································································· 141

 

PART 3. 방사성 폐기물의 처분

 

1. 중ㆍ저준위 방사성 폐기물의 처분 ······································································· 142

 

2. 고준위 방사성 폐기물의 처분 ······································································· 143

 

 

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